Based on the pattern of growth, orchid plants can be divided into two types namely, simpodial and monopodial. Orchids are orchids simpodial type that has no main stem, flowers out from the tip of the stem and flowering plants that come back from the child grows. Except in the orchid species Dendrobium sp. who may issue the new flower stalks on the sides of the trunk. Examples of orchid simpodial types include: Dendrobium sp., Cattleya sp., Oncidium sp. and Cymbidium sp. Orchid type simpodial in general are epiphytes.
NURSERIES
Propagation of orchid plants are generally done through two ways, and with the conventional method of in vitro culture. To generate interest in large quantities and uniform plant is needed in large quantities as well. Therefore, increased production of flowers on the orchid plants can only be achieved with an efficient plant propagation business. At present method of in vitro culture is one way that have been widely used in the vegetative propagation of clones or orchids. In vitro culture was first attempted by Haberlandt in 1902, because of the nature of a plant called totipotensi who coined by two German scholars Schwann and Schleiden in 1830.
Generative, seed plant seed results obtained through genetic crosses of these seeds are heterozygous. So that the seeds produced have no steady and diverse nature. In this way to get the same plant with its parent is difficult, because crossbreeding orchids has grown so vast. However, in this way will be obtained new varieties.
In vegetative tissues of growing a vegetative or tissue culture, such as roots, leaves, stems or buds on artificial media in the form of liquid or solid aseptically. With this method can be expected that propagation can be done quickly and amounted to much, and together with its parent.
In vegetative tissues of growing a vegetative or tissue culture, such as roots, leaves, stems or buds on artificial media in the form of liquid or solid aseptically. With this method can be expected that propagation can be done quickly and amounted to much, and together with its parent.
PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE
- Land Preparation
Orchid plants can be planted around the house or yard or garden that is under a shade tree or with a given paranet or the like by setting a certain light intensity or on open land. Therefore, orchid plants have high economic potential, then for certain species can be planted in the greenhouses (green house). In addition to protecting plants from natural disturbance, also will reduce the intensity of pest attack.
- Growing Media Preparation
A good growing medium must meet certain requirements, that is not quickly decay, not a source of disease, have good aeration, capable of binding water and nutrients well, easily obtained in the desired amount and the relatively cheap price. Until now there is no media that meets all the requirements for growing orchids.
Orchid plants can be planted around the house or yard or garden that is under a shade tree or with a given paranet or the like by setting a certain light intensity or on open land. Therefore, orchid plants have high economic potential, then for certain species can be planted in the greenhouses (green house). In addition to protecting plants from natural disturbance, also will reduce the intensity of pest attack.
- Growing Media Preparation
A good growing medium must meet certain requirements, that is not quickly decay, not a source of disease, have good aeration, capable of binding water and nutrients well, easily obtained in the desired amount and the relatively cheap price. Until now there is no media that meets all the requirements for growing orchids.
- Sprinkling Orchid plants are actively growing, require more water than is already flowering. The frequency and number of water spray is given to the orchid plant depends on the kind of small and large plant size and environmental conditions of planting. An example is a plant of Vanda sp., Arachnis sp., and Renanthera sp., namely monopodial orchid type who grew up under direct sunlight, so the need watering more than twice a day, especially during the dry season.
- Fertilization
Like other plants, orchids always need food to sustain life. Orchid plant nutrient needs will be similar to other plants, orchids only require a long time to show symptoms of deficiency, binding very slow growth of orchids.
In the cultivation of orchids, their habitats are not quite able to provide the elements needed by plants for growth. To overcome this, the plant usually given both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Which is commonly used fertilizer compound fertilizer containing the macro and micro elements.
The quality and quantity of fertilizer to adjust the balance of vegetative and generative plant growth. At the vegetative growth phase for plants that are still small ratio of 30:10:10 NPK fertilizer is, the vegetative growth phase for a medium-sized plant of NPK ratio is 10:10:10. While the generative growth phase which is to stimulate flowering, NPK fertilizer ratio is 10:30:30.
If the fertilizer into the pot, the only fertilizer that dissolves in water and direct contact with the root tip to be taken by the orchid plants and the remainder will remain in the pot. Fertilizing in the afternoon showed a good response to growth in Dendrobium sp.
Like other plants, orchids always need food to sustain life. Orchid plant nutrient needs will be similar to other plants, orchids only require a long time to show symptoms of deficiency, binding very slow growth of orchids.
In the cultivation of orchids, their habitats are not quite able to provide the elements needed by plants for growth. To overcome this, the plant usually given both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Which is commonly used fertilizer compound fertilizer containing the macro and micro elements.
The quality and quantity of fertilizer to adjust the balance of vegetative and generative plant growth. At the vegetative growth phase for plants that are still small ratio of 30:10:10 NPK fertilizer is, the vegetative growth phase for a medium-sized plant of NPK ratio is 10:10:10. While the generative growth phase which is to stimulate flowering, NPK fertilizer ratio is 10:30:30.
If the fertilizer into the pot, the only fertilizer that dissolves in water and direct contact with the root tip to be taken by the orchid plants and the remainder will remain in the pot. Fertilizing in the afternoon showed a good response to growth in Dendrobium sp.
HARVEST AND POST HARVEST
The specialty lies in the appearance of orchid plants during consumption, so the effort to maintain the quality appearance may be the main objective during post-harvest and post-production. To implement such an effort is necessary to understand the various factors that can affect the quality of post-harvest or post-production of orchid plants. Factors affecting post-harvest quality of cut flower orchid flower is the rate of aging, temperature, water and food supplies, ethylene and mechanical damage and disease. Meanwhile, affecting among other potted orchid cultivars, growth stage, light, medium, fertilizer, temperature and duration of transport.
- Flower age
During this orchid flowers are harvested after a 75% -80% interest has bloomed especially in the orchid Dendrobium sp. Sometimes on certain types of orchids, such as Cattleya sp., flowers harvested 3 to 4 days after bloom, because of the interest cut will fail to bloom prematurely. When harvesting need to be considered viral disease transmission from one tree to another. We recommend cutting tools should be sterilized before use again in the next tree.
- Temperature
Cut flowers Cymbidium sp. and Paphiopedilum sp. can survive for 3 weeks at a temperature of 330-350 F (10 C) and 6 to 7 weeks when kept in a tree. Type of Cymbidium sp., Cattleya sp., Vanda sp., Paphiopedilum sp. and Phalaenopsis sp. generally can last up to 2 weeks if stored at a temperature of 50-70 C, whereas Dendrobium sp. pieces simply stored at a temperature of 10-130 C. Water and Nutrient Supply
- Cut orchid flowers are sensitive to drought.
The specialty lies in the appearance of orchid plants during consumption, so the effort to maintain the quality appearance may be the main objective during post-harvest and post-production. To implement such an effort is necessary to understand the various factors that can affect the quality of post-harvest or post-production of orchid plants. Factors affecting post-harvest quality of cut flower orchid flower is the rate of aging, temperature, water and food supplies, ethylene and mechanical damage and disease. Meanwhile, affecting among other potted orchid cultivars, growth stage, light, medium, fertilizer, temperature and duration of transport.
- Flower age
During this orchid flowers are harvested after a 75% -80% interest has bloomed especially in the orchid Dendrobium sp. Sometimes on certain types of orchids, such as Cattleya sp., flowers harvested 3 to 4 days after bloom, because of the interest cut will fail to bloom prematurely. When harvesting need to be considered viral disease transmission from one tree to another. We recommend cutting tools should be sterilized before use again in the next tree.
- Temperature
Cut flowers Cymbidium sp. and Paphiopedilum sp. can survive for 3 weeks at a temperature of 330-350 F (10 C) and 6 to 7 weeks when kept in a tree. Type of Cymbidium sp., Cattleya sp., Vanda sp., Paphiopedilum sp. and Phalaenopsis sp. generally can last up to 2 weeks if stored at a temperature of 50-70 C, whereas Dendrobium sp. pieces simply stored at a temperature of 10-130 C. Water and Nutrient Supply
- Cut orchid flowers are sensitive to drought.
Water that is lost after the flowers are harvested must be balanced with the soaking solution containing water and other necessary compounds. Using various chemical preservative dissolved in water is recommended to extend the freshness of cut flowers.
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