Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Oran was cultivated by the Indians of North America thousands of years ago. From North America, this plant began to spread to South America and identified as one source of food by the Incan people. After the European American control, sunflower was introduced to Europe and various parts of the world around the 16th century.
Sunflower is a plant that only grows in summer, but in Indonesia, because the sun rose over the year, sunflowers can be grown all year round. While in Europe or other regions with different seasons, this crop can only be grown only in the spring until autumn.
The famous sunflower as an ornamental plant because it has an elegant appearance and fresh to look at, especially if the crop is planted in the garden area, it will make the spellbound people who see it. The hallmark of this plant is bright yellow flowers, 3-5 meters tall, large flower heads (diameter can reach 30 cm), single leaf width, stem erect, rarely branched, and usually covered with coarse hair. Another feature of this plant which flowers are always facing the sun or heliotropisme. Sunflower were used as raw material for making oils, both edible oil and industrial oil, because it contains a substance called linoleic acid.
This flower is actually a compound interest which may consist of hundreds to thousands of small flowers on one head. Cropping density generally ranges from 60,000 to 70,000 plants per hectare.
Group of sunflower cultivation can be divided into four groups distinguished by their usefulness. Obviously kultivatur assembled for each function was different:
1. Oil-producing group, used oil seeds. Seeds of this group has a thin shell of seeds with oil content 48-52%. To produce one liter of oil from the seeds required about 60 bunches of compound interest. 2. Group of animal feed, its leaves are used as animal feed. 3. Groups of ornamental plants, has a bervavariasi petal color and has many flowering branches. 4. Group of watermelon seeds, the seeds are used as food.
Group of sunflower cultivation can be divided into four groups distinguished by their usefulness. Obviously kultivatur assembled for each function was different:
1. Oil-producing group, used oil seeds. Seeds of this group has a thin shell of seeds with oil content 48-52%. To produce one liter of oil from the seeds required about 60 bunches of compound interest. 2. Group of animal feed, its leaves are used as animal feed. 3. Groups of ornamental plants, has a bervavariasi petal color and has many flowering branches. 4. Group of watermelon seeds, the seeds are used as food.
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