TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION Nurseries Seeding Sprouts included 12x23 or 15x23 cm polybags containing 1.5 to 2.0 kg of topsoil that has been sifted. Sprouts are planted as deep as 2 cm. Land in polybags should always be moist. Save polybags in beds with a diameter of 120 cm. After the age of 3-4 months and 4-5 strands of leafy seedlings. Seeds of dederan transplanted into polybags 40x50 cm 0.11 mm thick containing 15-30 kg of sieved topsoil. Polibag arranged in an equilateral triangle position with a distance of 90x90 cm.
Maintenance Nurseries Watering is done twice a day. Weeding 2-3 times a month or adapted to the growth of weeds. Seeds are not normal, diseased and have genetic abnormalities should be discarded. Selections performed at age 4 and 9 months.
Planting techniques Determination of Crop Patterns Monoculture cropping or intercropping can. Cover crops (legume cover crop LCC) in the area of oil palm plantations is very important because it can improve the properties of physics, chemistry and biology of the soil, prevent erosion, maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds (weeds). Planting legumes should be carried out immediately after tillage is completed.
Preparation of Planting Holes Planting hole was made several days before planting with a size of 50x40 cm in deep as 40 cm. The remaining excavation of topsoil (20 cm) separated from the ground below. Distance 9x9x9 m. Hilly area, built terraces encircling hills and the hole is 1.5 m from the slopes.
Planting Method Planting at the beginning of the rainy season, after the rain fell steadily. A day before planting, watering seedlings in polybags. Remove the plastic poly bag carefully and insert the seedling into the hole.
Maintenance Nurseries Watering is done twice a day. Weeding 2-3 times a month or adapted to the growth of weeds. Seeds are not normal, diseased and have genetic abnormalities should be discarded. Selections performed at age 4 and 9 months.
Planting techniques Determination of Crop Patterns Monoculture cropping or intercropping can. Cover crops (legume cover crop LCC) in the area of oil palm plantations is very important because it can improve the properties of physics, chemistry and biology of the soil, prevent erosion, maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds (weeds). Planting legumes should be carried out immediately after tillage is completed.
Preparation of Planting Holes Planting hole was made several days before planting with a size of 50x40 cm in deep as 40 cm. The remaining excavation of topsoil (20 cm) separated from the ground below. Distance 9x9x9 m. Hilly area, built terraces encircling hills and the hole is 1.5 m from the slopes.
Planting Method Planting at the beginning of the rainy season, after the rain fell steadily. A day before planting, watering seedlings in polybags. Remove the plastic poly bag carefully and insert the seedling into the hole.
Plant Maintenance Stitching and Spacing Plants die embroidered with 10-14 months old seedlings. Population 1 hectare of trees 135-145 + so there is no competition sunlight.
Weeding The soil around the tree to be clean of weeds.
Leaf Pruning There are three types of pruning are: a. Trimming the sand Throw away the dried leaves, fruit or fruit rot first time 16-20 month-old plants. b. Trimming production Cutting the growth of overlapping leaves (songgo two) for the preparation of harvest age 20-28 months. c. Maintenance pruning Discard the leaves songgo two regular basis so that the staple crop there is only a number of strands 28-54.
Castration Flowers Cut flowers, male and female plants are grown at 12-20 months old.
Artificial pollination To optimize the number of bunches of fruit, artificial pollination assisted by humans or insects. a. Pollination by humans Performed 2-7 weeks old plants in the female flowers that are repressive (the female flowers are ready for pollinated by male pollen). Characteristic of repressive interest is the stigma open, the color of the anthers reddish and slimy.
Method of pollination: 1. Bak flower sheath. 2. Mix the pollen with pure talc (1:2). Pollen taken from the tree of good and is usually prepared in the laboratory, spray the pollen on the stigma of using baby duster / puffer. b. Pollination by insect pollinators Palm Elaeidobius camerunicus insect pollinators attracted to the smell of male flowers. Insects released when the female flowers being repressive. The advantages of this way is the fruit bunches larger, more perfect form of fruit, larger oil production by 15% and production of the core (essence oil) increased to 30%.
Pests and Diseases Pest a. Mite Pests Cause: red mite (Oligonychus). Parts attacked are the leaves. Symptoms: The leaves become shiny and colorful bronz. Control: Spray or Natural PESTONA BVR.
b. Caterpillars Setora Cause: Setora nitens. The part that is attacked is the leaves. Symptoms: leaves eaten so that the remaining lidinya only.
Disease a. Root Blast Cause: Rhizoctonia lamellifera and Phythium Sp. Section attacked the roots. Symptoms: sudden death in the nursery seedlings, mature plants withered and died, there was a root decay. Control: making a good seedbed, the provision of irrigation water in the dry season, the use of old seedlings of more than 11 months. Prevention by the use of Natural GLIO.
b. Yellow Lines Cause: Fusarium oxysporum. Section attacked leaves. Symptoms: pale yellow oval circle around the brown color in the leaves, dry leaves. Control: inoculation of disease on seedlings and young plants. Prevention by the use of Natural GLIO since the beginning.
c. Dry Basal Rot Cause: Ceratocyctis paradoxa. Attacked stem section. Symptoms: brittle stem, leaf rot and dry; young leaves die and dry. Control: is to plant seeds that had been inoculated disease. Note: If the pest and disease control by using natural pesticides can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides.
Harvest Began to bear fruit after 2.5 years and 5.5 months after pollination cook. Can be harvested if the crop has been aged 31 months, at least 60% fruit ripe harvest of 5 trees there are a bunch of ripe fruit harvest. Characteristic of mature bunches are harvested at least 5 pieces of loose / fallen from bunches that weigh less than 10 kg or at least 10 pieces that separated from the bunches weighing 10 kg or more.
Pests and Diseases Pest a. Mite Pests Cause: red mite (Oligonychus). Parts attacked are the leaves. Symptoms: The leaves become shiny and colorful bronz. Control: Spray or Natural PESTONA BVR.
b. Caterpillars Setora Cause: Setora nitens. The part that is attacked is the leaves. Symptoms: leaves eaten so that the remaining lidinya only.
Disease a. Root Blast Cause: Rhizoctonia lamellifera and Phythium Sp. Section attacked the roots. Symptoms: sudden death in the nursery seedlings, mature plants withered and died, there was a root decay. Control: making a good seedbed, the provision of irrigation water in the dry season, the use of old seedlings of more than 11 months. Prevention by the use of Natural GLIO.
b. Yellow Lines Cause: Fusarium oxysporum. Section attacked leaves. Symptoms: pale yellow oval circle around the brown color in the leaves, dry leaves. Control: inoculation of disease on seedlings and young plants. Prevention by the use of Natural GLIO since the beginning.
c. Dry Basal Rot Cause: Ceratocyctis paradoxa. Attacked stem section. Symptoms: brittle stem, leaf rot and dry; young leaves die and dry. Control: is to plant seeds that had been inoculated disease. Note: If the pest and disease control by using natural pesticides can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides.
Harvest Began to bear fruit after 2.5 years and 5.5 months after pollination cook. Can be harvested if the crop has been aged 31 months, at least 60% fruit ripe harvest of 5 trees there are a bunch of ripe fruit harvest. Characteristic of mature bunches are harvested at least 5 pieces of loose / fallen from bunches that weigh less than 10 kg or at least 10 pieces that separated from the bunches weighing 10 kg or more.
No comments:
Post a Comment